Waves are oscillations through a medium (air, water, space-time, etc.).
Any wave can be decomposed into simpler units of pure waves using Fourier decomposition.
At its core, a wave can be described by three properties:
- Amplitude: The magnitude of its peaks and troughs
- Frequency: How many times does it oscillate in a unit of time (measured in Hertz)
- Phase: The horizontal offset of the oscillation